Since June, the support policies for the development of the LED industry have been frequently promulgated in various parts of the country. The number of counties and municipalities with the goal of “100 billion industries†as LED development has increased to dozens. Correspondingly, in the first largest province of China's LED industry - Guangdong, Shenzhen, the number of LED production enterprises closed in 2012 has reached more than 80, Foshan has nearly 10% of enterprises closed down, Dongguan, Zhongshan and other places also Deep in crisis...
Although deep in the "LED business collapse", but Shenzhen industry insiders said, "This is the market choice, not the industrial crisis, the future of the LED market is still bright." To make it so confident, is not a strong policy backing, It is a market mechanism that has been developed by policies.
Explosive growth
The rapid growth of LEDs did not begin in the past two years. As early as 2009, in order to expand domestic demand, the Ministry of Science and Technology launched the "Ten Cities and Ten Thousands" semiconductor lighting application demonstration city program, plans to promote the LED industry with public lighting in 21 cities including Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen and Wuhan as the carrier.
Since then, the development of the LED industry has embarked on a smooth path, with policy subsidies one after another, from upstream equipment to downstream application procurement. The LED industry has also leapt from a small branch industry in the semiconductor industry to a key cultivation or pillar industry in many places. According to the statistics of the High-tech LED Industry Research Institute (GLII), the total output value of China's LED industry in 2012 reached 205.9 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 34%.
The LED industry's high industry profits, easy-to-accept industry thresholds and continuous policy guidance have not only brought a large number of "gold digger", but also brought chaos in the LED industry.
“In the first three years, the profit of the LED industry can reach 20%~30%. However, due to favorable policies and low industry thresholds, many companies in other industries are rushing into this market. Now, the profit of the LED industry is only 5~10%. "Yang Juan, product manager of Shenzhen Federal LED Electronic Technology Co., Ltd., was not surprised when interviewed by this reporter.
According to GLII data, from the first half of 2011 to the first half of 2012, the number of new LED indoor lighting companies in China was nearly 1,800. Among them, nearly 1,000 new indoor LED lighting companies were added in the first half of this year. Guangdong Province is the gathering place for China's LED mid-stream and downstream application enterprises. As of the end of the third quarter of 2012, the number of LED enterprises in Guangdong Province accounted for 65% of the total number of LED enterprises in the country, of which downstream LED lighting companies accounted for 73%.
A large amount of money has entered the LED industry, which has brought about a sharp drop in the price of LED products. The price of a 1-watt LED chip was about $3 two years ago, but it has now dropped to less than $1. The meager profits have caused a large number of LED companies to follow the trend, and the LED industry seems to be starting to follow the footsteps of the photovoltaic industry.
Policy dividends are easy to "small seedlings"
"In the current LED market, there is a 'structural overcapacity', which is a normal phenomenon in the development of the Chinese market." Shenzhen LED industry insiders responded to an interview with reporters, "The LED investment planning and projects under construction that were launched in the past two years." Indeed, it is far beyond the actual demand of the market. It is mainly reflected in the fields of downstream applications, packaging, and supporting. The production capacity in these areas does appear to be excessive. This needs to be adjusted, but this does not mean that the LED industry has fallen into development. Difficulties."
In fact, the reason why the domestic LED industry has "photovoltaic concerns" is not that the industry itself has a trap, but because of the industrial development under the leadership of domestic policies, it is often prone to "snap" to seize the policy dividend, but ignore the market choice.
"LED and photovoltaic are fundamentally different." Qian Keyuan, deputy director of the Semiconductor Lighting Laboratory of Shenzhen Graduate School of Tsinghua University, believes that with the development of technology, LED bulbs can save half of the electricity used by ordinary people, and the photovoltaics will not be used. How to publicize and guide, its electricity price is twice as expensive as the ordinary electricity price.
"It can be said that photovoltaic is a non-marketing industry, and LED is a market-oriented industry. There is no value available for photovoltaics, and LED is inevitable for everyone," he said.
As Qian Keyuan said, LED has a unique advantage in the daily necessities market in lighting popularity. According to the latest market data, the retail price of LED bulbs in the United States has dropped to $8, while the price of energy-saving fluorescent lamps is about $5. This difference will inevitably lead to changes in consumer spending habits.
"Enterprises are not seeking quality, they are typical 'Chinese-style' development routes, and R&D funds have not yet been invested. They hope to have a result. Finally, technology and market are both outside." Dai Xingyi, professor of environmental science and engineering at Fudan University To the reporter of this journal, the deeper reason for this kind of problem is that the state has improper ideas on industry subsidies and R&D investment.
In fact, the LED industry, as one of the three pillars of Guangdong's strategic emerging industries, has long begun to implement a market-oriented policy support strategy. Different from the industrial development roadmap driven by the policy dividend, although Guangdong Province has always focused on the development of the LED industry, it is more inclined to the regulation of the “market handâ€.
Close to the market "Guangdong model"
A careful study of the policy development of the LED industry in Guangdong Province over the years can also give a glimpse of the path that the LED industry leads the country.
As early as 2005, the state tried to carry out technical research in the upstream of the LED industry chain, but the effect of large-scale investment is not obvious. According to the data of the High-tech LED Industry Research Institute (GLII) in 2010, the profit distribution of the entire LED industry chain, LED upstream epitaxial chips only accounted for 14%, downstream applications up to 52%, LED downstream production activities on the overall industry chain pull The strongest.
Under the premise of this market, Guangdong Province released the “Guangdong LED Industry Technology Roadmap†in 2009, which locked the application side of LED lighting and packaging market. In 2010, the province promoted the application of 200,000 LED street lamps, which greatly stimulated the demand for products at the application end.
Although there is a market, the LED street lamp project has the characteristics of large initial investment and low investment during operation. It is necessary to establish a value distribution mode and a transmission mechanism different from traditional lighting among production enterprises, customers and financial institutions. At this point, the market has spawned a new business model of “contract energy management + supply chain + financeâ€.
The huge market space created by the government and the new business model have brought stable expectations for the growth of the LED industry. As investment enthusiasm is transmitted to the upstream of the industrial chain, local governments have subsidized MOCVD equipment purchased from abroad, but innovation The problem of weak chains and loss of value chains has begun to emerge.
At that time, Guangdong Province also introduced the LED "standard system", and set up a special fund for the development of the LED industry, spending 450 million a year to break through core technologies, develop application demonstrations, build innovative platforms and introduce innovative talents. The introduction of these policies has led the LED industry to seek breakthroughs in product core technology and localization of key equipment.
In short, the path of strategic emerging industries in Guangdong Province is to shape the industrial chain through market pull, upstream extension, supply channel construction, and industrial standard construction. Through the construction of industrial technology research institutes and scientific research projects, the innovation chain will be strengthened. Enhance the value chain through business model innovation and technological innovation.
Under this kind of thinking, it is not difficult to explain why Guangdong LEDs are developing rapidly, and at the same time, enterprises are being eliminated. Those enterprises at the low end of technology are either “forced†by the market or they are sinking into the market. in.
Guiding policy still needs to be improved
Although Guangdong's LED industry has developed a unique development model, it has not only achieved development advantages in technological research, but also become a benchmark for the development of the domestic LED industry. However, internationally, the Chinese LED industry is still unable to acquire core technologies.
The data shows that as of the end of 2011, the number of LED patents in China has reached 81,000, accounting for 30% of the total global LED patents. The number of applications has surpassed that of the United States, ranking second in the world. However, these LED patent projects have serious structural imbalances—the proportion of practical patents and appearance patent designs is large, and the proportion of invention patents is small.
"LED intellectual property issues are related to the sustainable development of the entire LED industry, and foreign companies have woven a strict intellectual property network, and the development of the domestic LED industry is severely constrained." Qian Keyuan said.
In the international arena, Japan's Nichia Chemical Company, Toyota Synthetic Company, American Cree Company, Philips Company and Osram Corporation of Germany, the five major LED multinational companies, continue to improve the design and carry out subsequent applications by applying for patents from multiple countries. The way is to monopolize the intellectual property rights of LED core technology in the international market.
In China, more than half of these companies' core patents have been authorized. This has created technical constraints for LED companies that have been developed in China, resulting in relatively passive development of enterprises and the increasingly homogenization of product development.
"We have invested a lot of money and made great efforts to develop innovative products, which are easily copied by small companies and then sold at low prices. However, the quality of these products cannot be guaranteed accordingly, which is very unfavorable for the marketing of enterprise products. A product manager of TCL Lighting Appliance Co., Ltd. told this reporter.
"LED intellectual property issues will create long-term potential trade friction risks. At this point, government guidance is relatively lacking. If we want to vigorously support the development of high-end products, we may not only consider policy development from the perspective of industrial growth scale. It is necessary to work hard from the guidance of ideas and the guidance of international game rules.†Qian Keyuan said that although Guangdong is the most promising place to find a breakthrough in this area, the transfer of the coastal inland LED industry has not yet formed a scale, but also The inability to form a functional distribution in the industrial development chain has led to LED industry companies in Guangdong facing rising costs. Although this is a common problem for companies today, this problem is particularly evident in companies that need technological breakthroughs.
“This is different from the enterprises developed in the Mainland. They often put the R&D department in Guangdong to seek high-tech returns under reasonable cost. Guangdong enterprises are paying for a series of problems in the process of new urbanization,†he said.
(This article is reproduced on the Internet. The texts and opinions expressed in this article have not been confirmed by this site, nor do they represent the position of Gaogong LED. Readers need to verify the relevant content by themselves.)
Although deep in the "LED business collapse", but Shenzhen industry insiders said, "This is the market choice, not the industrial crisis, the future of the LED market is still bright." To make it so confident, is not a strong policy backing, It is a market mechanism that has been developed by policies.
Explosive growth
The rapid growth of LEDs did not begin in the past two years. As early as 2009, in order to expand domestic demand, the Ministry of Science and Technology launched the "Ten Cities and Ten Thousands" semiconductor lighting application demonstration city program, plans to promote the LED industry with public lighting in 21 cities including Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen and Wuhan as the carrier.
Since then, the development of the LED industry has embarked on a smooth path, with policy subsidies one after another, from upstream equipment to downstream application procurement. The LED industry has also leapt from a small branch industry in the semiconductor industry to a key cultivation or pillar industry in many places. According to the statistics of the High-tech LED Industry Research Institute (GLII), the total output value of China's LED industry in 2012 reached 205.9 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 34%.
The LED industry's high industry profits, easy-to-accept industry thresholds and continuous policy guidance have not only brought a large number of "gold digger", but also brought chaos in the LED industry.
“In the first three years, the profit of the LED industry can reach 20%~30%. However, due to favorable policies and low industry thresholds, many companies in other industries are rushing into this market. Now, the profit of the LED industry is only 5~10%. "Yang Juan, product manager of Shenzhen Federal LED Electronic Technology Co., Ltd., was not surprised when interviewed by this reporter.
According to GLII data, from the first half of 2011 to the first half of 2012, the number of new LED indoor lighting companies in China was nearly 1,800. Among them, nearly 1,000 new indoor LED lighting companies were added in the first half of this year. Guangdong Province is the gathering place for China's LED mid-stream and downstream application enterprises. As of the end of the third quarter of 2012, the number of LED enterprises in Guangdong Province accounted for 65% of the total number of LED enterprises in the country, of which downstream LED lighting companies accounted for 73%.
A large amount of money has entered the LED industry, which has brought about a sharp drop in the price of LED products. The price of a 1-watt LED chip was about $3 two years ago, but it has now dropped to less than $1. The meager profits have caused a large number of LED companies to follow the trend, and the LED industry seems to be starting to follow the footsteps of the photovoltaic industry.
Policy dividends are easy to "small seedlings"
"In the current LED market, there is a 'structural overcapacity', which is a normal phenomenon in the development of the Chinese market." Shenzhen LED industry insiders responded to an interview with reporters, "The LED investment planning and projects under construction that were launched in the past two years." Indeed, it is far beyond the actual demand of the market. It is mainly reflected in the fields of downstream applications, packaging, and supporting. The production capacity in these areas does appear to be excessive. This needs to be adjusted, but this does not mean that the LED industry has fallen into development. Difficulties."
In fact, the reason why the domestic LED industry has "photovoltaic concerns" is not that the industry itself has a trap, but because of the industrial development under the leadership of domestic policies, it is often prone to "snap" to seize the policy dividend, but ignore the market choice.
"LED and photovoltaic are fundamentally different." Qian Keyuan, deputy director of the Semiconductor Lighting Laboratory of Shenzhen Graduate School of Tsinghua University, believes that with the development of technology, LED bulbs can save half of the electricity used by ordinary people, and the photovoltaics will not be used. How to publicize and guide, its electricity price is twice as expensive as the ordinary electricity price.
"It can be said that photovoltaic is a non-marketing industry, and LED is a market-oriented industry. There is no value available for photovoltaics, and LED is inevitable for everyone," he said.
As Qian Keyuan said, LED has a unique advantage in the daily necessities market in lighting popularity. According to the latest market data, the retail price of LED bulbs in the United States has dropped to $8, while the price of energy-saving fluorescent lamps is about $5. This difference will inevitably lead to changes in consumer spending habits.
"Enterprises are not seeking quality, they are typical 'Chinese-style' development routes, and R&D funds have not yet been invested. They hope to have a result. Finally, technology and market are both outside." Dai Xingyi, professor of environmental science and engineering at Fudan University To the reporter of this journal, the deeper reason for this kind of problem is that the state has improper ideas on industry subsidies and R&D investment.
In fact, the LED industry, as one of the three pillars of Guangdong's strategic emerging industries, has long begun to implement a market-oriented policy support strategy. Different from the industrial development roadmap driven by the policy dividend, although Guangdong Province has always focused on the development of the LED industry, it is more inclined to the regulation of the “market handâ€.
Close to the market "Guangdong model"
A careful study of the policy development of the LED industry in Guangdong Province over the years can also give a glimpse of the path that the LED industry leads the country.
As early as 2005, the state tried to carry out technical research in the upstream of the LED industry chain, but the effect of large-scale investment is not obvious. According to the data of the High-tech LED Industry Research Institute (GLII) in 2010, the profit distribution of the entire LED industry chain, LED upstream epitaxial chips only accounted for 14%, downstream applications up to 52%, LED downstream production activities on the overall industry chain pull The strongest.
Under the premise of this market, Guangdong Province released the “Guangdong LED Industry Technology Roadmap†in 2009, which locked the application side of LED lighting and packaging market. In 2010, the province promoted the application of 200,000 LED street lamps, which greatly stimulated the demand for products at the application end.
Although there is a market, the LED street lamp project has the characteristics of large initial investment and low investment during operation. It is necessary to establish a value distribution mode and a transmission mechanism different from traditional lighting among production enterprises, customers and financial institutions. At this point, the market has spawned a new business model of “contract energy management + supply chain + financeâ€.
The huge market space created by the government and the new business model have brought stable expectations for the growth of the LED industry. As investment enthusiasm is transmitted to the upstream of the industrial chain, local governments have subsidized MOCVD equipment purchased from abroad, but innovation The problem of weak chains and loss of value chains has begun to emerge.
At that time, Guangdong Province also introduced the LED "standard system", and set up a special fund for the development of the LED industry, spending 450 million a year to break through core technologies, develop application demonstrations, build innovative platforms and introduce innovative talents. The introduction of these policies has led the LED industry to seek breakthroughs in product core technology and localization of key equipment.
In short, the path of strategic emerging industries in Guangdong Province is to shape the industrial chain through market pull, upstream extension, supply channel construction, and industrial standard construction. Through the construction of industrial technology research institutes and scientific research projects, the innovation chain will be strengthened. Enhance the value chain through business model innovation and technological innovation.
Under this kind of thinking, it is not difficult to explain why Guangdong LEDs are developing rapidly, and at the same time, enterprises are being eliminated. Those enterprises at the low end of technology are either “forced†by the market or they are sinking into the market. in.
Guiding policy still needs to be improved
Although Guangdong's LED industry has developed a unique development model, it has not only achieved development advantages in technological research, but also become a benchmark for the development of the domestic LED industry. However, internationally, the Chinese LED industry is still unable to acquire core technologies.
The data shows that as of the end of 2011, the number of LED patents in China has reached 81,000, accounting for 30% of the total global LED patents. The number of applications has surpassed that of the United States, ranking second in the world. However, these LED patent projects have serious structural imbalances—the proportion of practical patents and appearance patent designs is large, and the proportion of invention patents is small.
"LED intellectual property issues are related to the sustainable development of the entire LED industry, and foreign companies have woven a strict intellectual property network, and the development of the domestic LED industry is severely constrained." Qian Keyuan said.
In the international arena, Japan's Nichia Chemical Company, Toyota Synthetic Company, American Cree Company, Philips Company and Osram Corporation of Germany, the five major LED multinational companies, continue to improve the design and carry out subsequent applications by applying for patents from multiple countries. The way is to monopolize the intellectual property rights of LED core technology in the international market.
In China, more than half of these companies' core patents have been authorized. This has created technical constraints for LED companies that have been developed in China, resulting in relatively passive development of enterprises and the increasingly homogenization of product development.
"We have invested a lot of money and made great efforts to develop innovative products, which are easily copied by small companies and then sold at low prices. However, the quality of these products cannot be guaranteed accordingly, which is very unfavorable for the marketing of enterprise products. A product manager of TCL Lighting Appliance Co., Ltd. told this reporter.
"LED intellectual property issues will create long-term potential trade friction risks. At this point, government guidance is relatively lacking. If we want to vigorously support the development of high-end products, we may not only consider policy development from the perspective of industrial growth scale. It is necessary to work hard from the guidance of ideas and the guidance of international game rules.†Qian Keyuan said that although Guangdong is the most promising place to find a breakthrough in this area, the transfer of the coastal inland LED industry has not yet formed a scale, but also The inability to form a functional distribution in the industrial development chain has led to LED industry companies in Guangdong facing rising costs. Although this is a common problem for companies today, this problem is particularly evident in companies that need technological breakthroughs.
“This is different from the enterprises developed in the Mainland. They often put the R&D department in Guangdong to seek high-tech returns under reasonable cost. Guangdong enterprises are paying for a series of problems in the process of new urbanization,†he said.
(This article is reproduced on the Internet. The texts and opinions expressed in this article have not been confirmed by this site, nor do they represent the position of Gaogong LED. Readers need to verify the relevant content by themselves.)
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