The success of Beijing's bid to host the Olympic Games has brought a lot of business opportunities to China's sports lighting market. At the same time, it has also prompted many foreign lighting companies to gradually shift their market focus to China. China's stadium lighting industry has shown a prosperous scene. Professor Li Binghua focused on the research work of green lighting technology in the National Stadium. Aladdin Lighting Network reporter interviewed Li Binghua experts on the lighting issues of the Olympic venues that everyone cares about.
Aladdin Lighting Network: Professor Li, hello! You are mainly involved in the research work of green lighting technology in the National Stadium. First of all, would you like to introduce the lighting standards of the stadium? What are the special requirements for stadium lighting?
Li expert: The lighting of the stadium is mainly divided into two parts, one is the lighting design of the stadium venue, and the other is the lighting of the night landscape architecture. There is a clear difference between the two. Regardless of the number of sports projects integrated in the stadium, it must meet the requirements of the relevant international individual sports organizations, the International Sports Federation, and the International Olympic Committee for venue lighting, otherwise the stadium will not pass the acceptance.
The 2008 Beijing Olympic Games will be broadcast to the world using high-definition television (HDTV). Compared with ordinary TV systems, HDTV has higher definition, better image quality, and HDTV digital signals are less susceptible to interference, but it is also Lighting puts higher demands on it. In the past broadcasts of previous Olympic Games, the international lighting standard was 1800 LUX, but in 2008 for high-definition broadcast, it was required to reach 2000 LUX.
There are several types of people participating in the Olympic Games: athletes, referees, officials; advertisers; television, film camera personnel; text reporters, photographers; Therefore, the lighting of the main stadium of the Olympic Games should be such that the horizontal illumination, the vertical illumination of a certain camera direction, the illumination uniformity U1 and U2, the color rendering index Ra, the glare index GR, the illumination gradient and other parameters must meet the requirements of international standards.
Aladdin Lighting Network: What principles need to be followed in the lighting of the entire "Bird's Nest" Olympic venues?
Li expert: The architects of the "Bird's Nest" Olympic venues, Demeron and Herzog, in the initial planning, in addition to the effect of the building during normal daytime, the relationship between space, they also provide lighting effects for the night building The idea is how to use light to express the architectural language, to embody the nighttime expression of the building, to embody the Chinese culture with light, and to welcome friends from all over the world with a warm and friendly attitude. For example, the use of light to fully highlight the Chinese-style red wall, the use of light and shadow to highlight the silhouette of the steel structure, such as the traditional Chinese art window. This is the best testimony to the use of lamps and light to highlight the ancient Chinese culture.
Therefore, the "Bird's Nest" Olympic venue lighting focuses on the principle of facade lighting design, using the rich light to illuminate the stadium from the inside out, shaping the silhouette of the outer steel beams and pillars, resulting in a strong visual effect, so that the building is Day and night have a completely different look. For example, for top effect lighting, the luminaire is mounted inside the roof and at the top of the façade to create a full-light effect. The second is to follow the principle consistent with the overall plan, there is a strict standard between the brightness zones, and the two zones have a smooth transition.
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RJ45 port editing
1. Origin:
2. The name RJ stands for the registered jack and is the USOC (universal service ordering codes) code of bell system. USOC is a series of registered sockets and their wiring mode, which are developed by bell system to connect the user's equipment to the public network. FCC regulations control the application of this purpose. The FCC (Federal Communications Commission) issued a document on behalf of the U.S. government to specify RJ11.
3. RJ11 is the common name of the connector developed by Western Electric Co. Its shape is defined as a 6-pin connecting device. Originally called wexw, where x means "active", contact or needle. For example, we6w has all six contacts, numbered from 1 to 6. The we4w interface only uses four pins, the outermost two contacts (1 and 6) are not used, and we2w only uses the middle two pins. For RJ11, the information source is contradictory. It can be a 2 or 4-core 6-pin connector. What's more confusing is that RJ11 is not only used to represent the 6-pin connector, it also refers to the 4-pin version.
4. RJ45 and RJ11: different standards, different sizes
5. Due to the different sizes of the two (RJ11 is 4 or 6-pin, RJ45 is an 8-pin connection device), it is obvious that the RJ45 plug cannot be inserted into the RJ11 socket. However, it is physically feasible (RJ11 plug is smaller than RJ45 jack), which makes people think that they should or can work together. It's not. It is strongly recommended not to use RJ11 plug for RJ45 socket.
â’ because RJ11 is not internationally standardized, its size, insertion force, insertion angle, etc. are not in accordance with the international standard connector design requirements, so interoperability cannot be guaranteed. They even cause damage to both. Since the RJ11 plug is smaller than the RJ45 socket, the plastic parts on both sides of the plug will damage the metal pin of the inserted socket.
RJ - 45 port is our most common port, it is our common twisted pair Ethernet port
Because twisted pair is mainly used as transmission medium in Fast Ethernet, RJ-45 port can be divided into 10Base-T network RJ-45 port and 100base TX network RJ-45 port.
Among them, the RJ-45 port of 10Base-T network is usually identified as "eth" in the router, while the RJ-45 port of 100base TX network is usually marked as "10 / 100btx". This is mainly due to the fact that most products of Fast Ethernet router still adopt 10 / 100Mbps bandwidth adaptive.
The left figure shows the RJ-45 port of 10Base-T network, while the right figure shows the RJ-45 port of 10 / 100base-tx network. In fact, the two RJ-45 ports are exactly the same in terms of the port itself, but the corresponding network circuit structure in the ports is different, so they can not be connected casually.
Definition of RJ45 interface pin signal
Ethernet 10 / 100Base-T interface:
1 TX + tranceive data +
2 TX - tranceive data -
3 RX + receive data +
4 N / C not connected
5 N / C not connected
6 RX - receive data
7 n / C not connected
8 N / C not connected
Ethernet 100base-t4 interface:
1 TX_ D1 + tranceive data +
2 TX_ D1 - tranceive data
3 RX_ D2 + receive data +
4 BI_ D3 + bi directional data +
5 BI_ D3 bi directional data
6 RX_ D2 - receive data
7 BI_ D4 + bi directional data +
8 BI_ D4 bi directional data
Note: RJ45 interface adopts differential transmission mode, TX + and TX - are a pair of twisted pair, which can reduce interference when twisted together.
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