O Introduction
Water is the foundation of life. The normal life activities of plants are based on the process of continuous water absorption, conduction and transportation, utilization and loss. However, China's water resources are seriously deficient, making China one of the 13 countries with the poorest freshwater resources in the world. Per capita possession of freshwater resources is only a quarter of the world's per capita possession. The lack of water resources has brought great obstacles and difficulties to China's agricultural development. The soil on which the crops grow needs to maintain a certain level of humidity. People usually irrigate crops based on planting experience, and cannot control the amount of watering in a timely or accurate manner, which often results in flood irrigation, which largely wastes a lot of money in vain. Part of water resources. How to use limited water resources and take "water-saving agriculture" has become a growth point for agricultural production to obtain the best benefits and sustained and stable development. Therefore, the intelligent irrigation system using tap water for power generation, controlling the sprinkler irrigation and micro irrigation systems, can effectively reduce the leakage and evaporation loss during the field irrigation process. The existing irrigation system requires an external power supply, which has certain safety risks and is troublesome. This system can be used in areas without power supply, and its biggest advantages are water saving, energy saving and labor saving.
1 Design goals and realization plan description
The existing automatic irrigation system requires external power supply, which has certain safety risks, and the program of the existing automatic irrigation device is generally solidified in the program memory of the system. The irrigation time and cycle time can only be set simply, and cannot be flexibly based on Disadvantages such as automatic adjustment in different seasons, the system connects the small DC generator to the fan blade in a sealed and special box, and the water blade drives the fan blade to rotate to generate electricity, and then stores the electrical energy in the battery to power the monitoring circuit and the solenoid valve. The device is an automatic irrigation device that does not require an external power source and uses the detection signals of humidity sensitive resistor and photoresistor, and tap water power generation as power supply. The monitoring circuit of the device consists of a signal acquisition part, an irrigation control part, a power supply part, and an execution part. As shown in Figure 1.
1.1 Signal acquisition part
1.1.1 Soil moisture detection
A silicon humidity sensor is used as a sensor for detecting soil moisture. Its response time at 25 ° C is less than 5 s, and the range of detecting soil moisture is 0 to 100%.
When the moisture sensor is inserted into the soil, the resistance of the moisture sensor is also different due to the different moisture content of the soil. The humidity is judged by the humidity sensor and IC1NE555. If the soil is dry and the resistance of the humidity sensor is large, NE555 flips and outputs a high level (about the power supply voltage).
When adjusting, insert the humidity resistor into the water, adjust Rp1 to make NE555's 3 pin output to 12 V, then remove the humidity resistor from the water and dry it, adjust Rp1 to output 0 V, so that it can be achieved by repeated adjustment Claim.
1.1.2 Detection of daylight strength
Determine whether the light is strong by the photoresistor and NE555. If the light is strong at noon, the pin 3 of IC2 NE555 outputs a low level. At this time, the soil is not watered whether it is dry or not. Here NE555 is used for judgment. When the sunlight is weak in the evening, the resistance of the photoresistor is large. NE555 reverses and outputs a high level (for the power supply voltage).
1.2 Irrigation control
1.2.1 AND gate judgment
When IC1 and IC2 output high level at the same time, IC3 CD4073 outputs high level. No matter whether IC1 or IC2 does not meet the condition, IC3 outputs a low level.
1.2.2 Delay circuit
The delay time from the CD4060 and the oscillating circuit composed of the capacitor resistance and the adjustable resistance from the CD4060 start working to entering the holding state is the irrigation time. The resistance of Rp3 can be adjusted to change the delay time.
1.3 Power supply
Since the speed of running water in the water pipe is relatively fast, part of the kinetic energy can be recycled. Use the tap water pressure to push the wind blades to drive the miniature generator, store the generator's electrical energy into the lithium battery, and then transfer the lithium battery's electrical energy to the 6 V or 12V battery through the booster circuit. Use this part of electric energy to provide electric energy for automatic irrigation monitoring circuit.
1.4 Executive
The output voltage of the humidity detection part is used to control the pull-in of the relay, and then the on-off of the solenoid valve is controlled to implement automatic irrigation.
A switch is added between the solenoid valve and the power supply, so that it can be forced to open and close. When you want to enjoy the beauty of irrigation, you can force open the solenoid valve.
2 Conclusion
The test proves that the device has the following advantages:
(1) The system has good stability. The circuit is mainly composed of analog circuits, which require low accuracy, good stability, and adjustable monitoring range and delay time.
(2) High security. This device generates electricity from tap water, and the output is low voltage without any hidden dangers.
(3) Low cost. The device does not require external power supply, no noise, low cost, small size, wide range of application, easy to promote.
(4) Environmental protection. Tap water power generation saves energy without pollution, protection, and environment.
(5) Cooperation with garden developers can save a lot of manpower and material resources for the planting industry. This energy-saving equipment will become a benefit point for the planting industry.
(6) It can be used in remote mountain villages and places with underdeveloped electricity to make local cash crops grow better.
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