Japan’s de facto standard for charging specifications has strengthened public relations activities for overseas companies. However, overseas countries have also proposed their own plans according to their national conditions, so it is unpredictable when the standards are unified. Japan's strategy is to accumulate performance through the low price of fast chargers and the promotion of electric vehicles (EVs) overseas, emphasizing the reliability of Japanese products. In order for Japan to use its normal charging specifications in the future, it is necessary to propose a new generation of specifications that are compatible with current specifications.
This article refers to the address: http://
Global automakers are competing around the dominance of EV (electric vehicle) charging specifications.
If it is to comply with overseas specifications, it is not only difficult to obtain the EV mass production effect, but also a lot of time and cost, and repeated safety tests according to the specifications of each country and region. Including Japan, various countries have proposed various charging specifications to the international standardization bodies IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) and SAE (American Automotive Technology Association), and it is not yet possible to predict when it will be unified. Only the United States recognizes Japan's normal charging specifications.
Japanese manufacturers "can't wait for overseas specifications to be determined before they act" (Mitsubishi Motors). From the end of 2010, in addition to Mitsubishi Motors will supply "i-MiEV" to Europe, Nissan will also sell "green leaves" overseas.
In addition to the government's lobbying by the government to adopt Japanese charging specifications, Japanese companies are equating the global EV with Japanese charging specifications, and strive to become the de facto standard.
The charging specifications proposed by Japan are divided into two types: normal charging and fast charging. Ordinary charging is based on the premise of household power supply (AC100V/200V), and the output power of the power supply is about several kW. In the case of Mitsubishi's i-MiEV, it can be fully charged in about 14 hours with a 100V power supply, and fully charged with a 200V power supply for about 7 hours (Figure 1). The connector is equipped with an analog terminal that is not used during normal home charging, but rather envisages the individual when charging at the charging station on the street.
Figure 1: The normal charging specification proposed by Japan consists of two power lines, one grounding wire and two analog terminals. On the photo is the charging connector of Mitsubishi Motors "i-MiEV".
The output voltage of the fast charging specification can reach up to DC500V, "more attention is paid to short-time charging" (Sui Chuan Shangshi, department manager of the Tokyo Electric Power Technology Development Research Institute). It can be filled with about 80% of capacity in 30 minutes (Figure 2). The connector is equipped with terminals for digital CAN communication and analog communication between the vehicle BMS (battery management system) and the cradle. CAN communication and analog communication are performed simultaneously. When only one party responds, charging stops, and the security is higher than that of ordinary power.
Figure 2: The fast charging specification proposed by Japan has five control analog terminals in addition to two power lines and two CAN communication (digital) terminals. On the photo is the connector of the i-MiEV.
Nissan will halve the price of fast charging stations
Figure 3: The low-cost fast charging station that Nissan will launch will adopt the company's internal manufacturing method in order to promote the popularization of fast charging stations. It is planned to supply the entire Japanese price at half the price from the fall of 2010. The price is expected to be around 1.5 million to 2 million yen. 
Figure 4: The fast charging specification proposed by Europe is charged with a 3-phase 400V high voltage. The photo shows the charging connector of the German energy company Rheinland Group (RWE).
For fast charging stations, the high price of 3 million to 4 million yen has been the bottleneck of its popularity. In this case, Nissan, which is committed to EV, said that it will be sold at half the price from the fall of 2010 (Mr. Watanabe, the director of Nissan's Zero Emissions Business Division) (Figure 3). The company intends to realize the popularity and accumulate performance in Japan by virtue of the low price of the fast charging station, thereby actually demonstrating the high safety of the Japanese fast charging method.
Overseas, GM considers the application of PHEV (Plug-in Hybrid) and proposes a design that combines fast charging and normal charging connectors. The company believes that the PHEV was originally equipped with a gasoline filler, so it is difficult to set up two connectors for normal charging and fast charging on the body.
Germany has proposed a method of fast charging with AC400V high voltage using a household power supply (Fig. 4). The reason is that in the Nordic family including Germany, in addition to the 220V power supply, there is also a 400V power supply. However, the European way of thinking is to use AC to supply power, and it is necessary to convert the inverter into DC in the car, which is different from the fast charging method proposed by Japan to supply power to the vehicle by DC.
The general charging specification is expected to develop in the future in consideration of the smart grid (new generation grid). The concept car "Concept PX-MiEV" exhibited by Mitsubishi Motors at the Tokyo Motor Show in 2009 is equipped with the function of using a car battery as a household power source (Fig. 5). The new generation of specifications is currently in a blank state, and the PX-MiEV is equipped with an existing connector for use on the i-MiEV. In order to make Japanese specifications a global standard, it is also necessary to propose a new generation of specifications that are compatible with existing connectors. (Reporter: Ogawa Keisuke) 
Figure 5: Ordinary charging specifications will develop "ConceptPX-MiEV" (a) that Mitsubishi Motors disclosed at the 2009 Tokyo Motor Show toward specifications for powering the home and the grid. It is envisaged to realize the function of supplying electric power from a vehicle battery to a home battery and a power grid. (b) Since the new generation specification has not been determined, the connector of the i-MiEV is used.
Dongguan Andu Electronic Co., Ltd. , https://www.autoido.com