Abstract: Lighting energy-saving standards are an important guarantee for the implementation of green lighting projects. Green lighting projects are one of the ten key energy-saving projects implemented by the state in the medium and long term. The article introduces the importance of engineering construction standards, the basic situation of domestic and international lighting energy-saving standards, and some problems in the process of implementing lighting energy-saving standards in China.
Keywords: green lighting, energy saving, standard lighting power density
I. Definition and importance of engineering construction standards
Definition: A project construction standard is a document that provides the best order in the field of engineering construction, and provides common and reusable rules, guidelines or characteristics for construction activities or their results. The document is developed by consensus and is a recognized body. Approved, based on the combined results of scientific, technical and practical experience, with the aim of promoting optimal social benefits.
Importance: The engineering construction standard is the technical basis and standard for engaging in construction activities. The implementation of engineering construction standards is a concrete manifestation of the implementation of the relevant policies and laws of the party and the state as well as laws and regulations. In recent years, China has formulated and published a large number of technical standards and regulations around housing construction organizations, and has clarified relevant compulsory provisions, which have played an important role in guiding specific construction activities.
Second, China's lighting energy-saving standards
China's lighting energy-saving standards have been widely implemented and supported by all walks of life and the international community since the implementation of China's green lighting project in 1996. Under the joint efforts of various regions, relevant departments, units and enterprises, the UN development plan Under the active participation and funding of the Agency and the Global Environment Facility. Through these years of work, we have achieved remarkable results and accumulated rich experience. In order to improve lighting quality, save lighting power and protect the environment, establish a high-quality, efficient, economical, comfortable, safe and reliable lighting environment, and promote the sustainable development of social economy. effect.
2.1 Shanghai Local Standards “Qualified Electricity Consumption Standards for Lighting Equipment†(DB 31/178-1996)
In 1996, Shanghai issued the first local standard for lighting energy conservation in China, “Standards for Rational Use of Lighting Equipment†(DB 31/178-1996). The standard specifies the measures for selecting high-efficiency light sources, lamps and electrical accessories according to the illuminance standard values ​​specified in "Industrial Enterprise Lighting Design Standards" (GB 50034-1992) and "Civil Architectural Lighting Design Standards" (GBJ 133-1990). Illumination standards and corresponding maximum illumination power density values ​​(W/m2) of common places in five types of buildings such as factories, shops, schools, offices, and hotels. The highest power consumption density in the office is shown in Table 1.
2.2 Beijing Standard “Technical Regulations for Green Lighting Engineering†(DBJ 01-607-2001)
In 2001, Beijing issued and implemented the local standard “Green Lighting Engineering Technical Regulations†(DBJ 01-607-2001) in Beijing according to the requirements of the State Economic and Trade Commission for implementing the Green Lighting Project. The standard specifies the lighting mode and lighting quality, and specifies the requirements for light source, lamp and ballast selection and lighting distribution. It has developed seven types of buildings for hotels, shopping malls, offices, schools, hospitals, houses and night lighting. The unit of installation power (W/m2) of the lighting area of ​​common places, and the average illuminance value corresponding to these indicators. Taking into account the different levels of lighting requirements, it is also stipulated that if the illuminance standard actually used in a certain place is lower than the illuminance value listed in the standard, the unit area power index value should be reduced accordingly, so that the lighting design can be more effectively promoted. Take the most active and effective measures, use advanced design methods and select more efficient lighting devices to achieve the best energy saving effect. The unit area power indicators of common places specified in the standard are shown in Table 2.
2.3 National Standard "Architectural Lighting Design Standards" (GB50034-2004)
The promulgation and implementation of "Architectural Lighting Design Standards" (GB 50034-2004) marks the first introduction of lighting energy-saving design standards in China. The standard has been implemented since December 1, 2004. The standard uses the lighting power density value (LPD) of general lighting in room or place as the evaluation index of lighting energy saving, which mainly stipulates 108 common rooms or places of seven types of buildings such as residence, office, commerce, hotel, hospital, school and industry. The maximum allowable lighting power density value (W/m2), except for residential buildings, the lighting power density limits of the other six types of buildings are mandatory and must be strictly enforced. It is required to limit the energy consumed to meet the requirements of the standard, to save energy, protect the environment, improve lighting quality, and implement the purpose of green lighting.
The formulation of standards is mainly based on a large number of lighting key surveys and census data results, and reference to the lighting energy-saving standards of some developed countries in the world, combined with China's lighting product performance indicators, after argumentation and comprehensive economic analysis.
According to the general requirements of China's energy situation and environmental protection, the standard reflects the need to improve energy efficiency in the field of architectural lighting, maximize energy conservation, and reduce harmful gas emissions to achieve environmental protection. At the same time, the standard also reflects the new development and new level of electric light source, lamps and electrical accessories in China, such as tri-color rare earth fluorescent lamps, metal halide lamps and other high-quality and high-efficiency light sources. The mass production and promotion of electronic and energy-saving magnetic ballasts, scientific and rational optimization design and the strengthening of supervision and management will certainly promote the smooth implementation of green lighting in China.
The provisions of the LPD limit provide clear, easy-to-check and implement standards for the relevant competent authorities, energy conservation supervision departments, and design drawing review departments to facilitate effective supervision and management of lighting design, installation, operation and maintenance.
The power density values ​​of the six types of buildings in residence, office, commerce, hotels, hospitals, schools, etc. specified in the standard are as specified in Tables 3 to 8.
2.4 Other standards
In recent years, China has promulgated energy efficiency standards for self-ballasted fluorescent lamps for general lighting, double-ended fluorescent lamps for general lighting, single-ended fluorescent lamps for general illumination, high-pressure sodium lamps, metal halide lamps, and tubular fluorescent lamps, high-pressure sodium lamps, and metal halides. The lamp ballast energy efficiency standards have respectively set the limits of their respective energy efficiency and energy efficiency rating standards.
The Urban Road Lighting Design Standards and the Urban Night Lighting Design Standards that have been submitted for review contain the maximum allowable lighting power density (LPD) values ​​for different lighting locations under different conditions.
Third, foreign lighting energy-saving standards
3.1 United States
Since the 1990s, the United States has been working on lighting energy efficiency standards, and each state has corresponding energy consumption restrictions, covering lighting energy conservation in residential, office, commercial, sports, transportation, hospitals, schools and other buildings. Such as: US Building Energy Standard (ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1-1999.9), US 2003 International Energy Conservation Standards, Lighting Power Density, California Energy Commission Recommended Lighting Power Density, US New Building Research Institute's Indoor Lighting Power Density, etc. . The lighting energy consumption limit standard in the United States also uses the lighting power density value, but for different types of buildings, according to the different functions of the use, the entire building or room-by-room lighting power density limit value is specified, such as the United States 2003 International Energy Conservation The lighting power density of the standard is shown in Table 9.
3.2 Japan
Japan's "Energy Conservation Law" stipulates the lighting power density (WS) of six types of buildings such as hotels, offices, hospitals, clinics, schools, shops, and restaurants, and stipulates the annual lighting power consumption time (T). The lighting power density (WS) of the specified six types of buildings is shown in Tables 10 to 15.
3.3 Russia
The fourth standard (1998 edition) of the Russian standard MГCH2.01-98 "Building Energy Savings" specifies the lighting unit installation power (see Table 16).
Fourth, domestic and international standards analysis and comparison
4.1 Office lighting power density
The LPD of the US National Energy Conservation Standards in 2003 was 11.84 W/m2, Japan was 20 W/m2, and Russia was 25 W/m2. The LPD values ​​in these countries did not specify the corresponding illuminance values, which is roughly the same as that of China's high-end offices. According to our survey of the office, the average LPD of high-end offices is about 20W/m2, while the current standard in China is 18W/m2 (corresponding to illuminance is 500lx), which is slightly higher than the US LPD, lower than Japan. And Russian LPD values. The determined LPD value is more practical.
4.2 Lighting power density of the store
The US standard is 17.22W/m2, Japan is 20W/m2, and Russia is 25W/m2. The general store in China (corresponding to the illumination is 300lx) is 12W/m2, the high-end store (corresponding to the illumination is 500lx) is 19W/m2, the general supermarket (corresponding to the illumination is 300lx) is 13W/m2, and the high-end supermarket (corresponding to the illumination is 500lx). 20W/m2. The LPD values ​​prescribed by China are basically close to those of the United States, Japan, and Russia.
4.3 Hotel lighting power density
The US National Energy Conservation Standard 2003 stipulates that the room's LPD is 13.99W/m2, and the Japanese room is 15W/m2, while the country's room is set at 15W/m2, which is consistent with Japanese standards. However, the US ASHRAE/IESNA96.1-1999 specifies 26.9W/m2.
4.4 Hospital lighting power density
In the United States, ASHRAE/IESNA96.1-1999 set the clinic to 17W/m2, while Japan has 20W/m2. It is still feasible for China to set 11W/m2 according to the actual situation, because most of the clinics and treatment rooms in China are below this level, and the illumination level is low.
4.5 School lighting power density
The classroom in the United States is set at 15.07W/m2, the classroom in Japan is 20W/m2, and the Russian is 25W/m2 (corresponding to 400lx). According to the survey results in China, the LPD values ​​of most classrooms are below 15W/m2, considering that the illumination of classrooms in China is 300lx. Therefore, it is suitable for 11W/m2.
V. Conclusion
In the face of the increasingly severe energy crisis, the world recognizes the need to adopt a strategy of open source and throttling, that is, saving energy on the one hand and developing new energy on the other. Energy saving is to save tomorrow. In recent years, in the face of the energy crisis, many countries have successively formulated lighting energy conservation policies and lighting energy conservation standards, researched and developed new technologies and new technologies that utilize “green energyâ€, and have achieved greater social, economic and environmental benefits in some countries. . The implementation of China's lighting energy-saving standards will also promote the development of China's lighting technology.
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