In the basic components, the resistance contact is relatively early, and it is closer to the actual, so it is better to understand that the capacitor is often used, so there are some concepts, but for the inductor, most people have no concept, which hinders the deepening of the analog circuit. Understand that for analog circuits, especially interference, the biggest source of interference is often caused by inductance, so understanding the inductance is very helpful to reduce interference and improve system reliability. Inductor and capacitor are the storage devices that do not consume energy. From the virtual coordinates, the resistor belongs to the real part, then the inductor storage magnetic field belongs to the upper part of the imaginary part, and the capacitor storage electric field belongs to the lower part of the imaginary part. It is considered that the inductance is just the opposite side of the capacitor, so it is easier to understand the inductance by borrowing some parameters of the capacitor.
1. Materials: Capacitors are divided into aluminum electrolytic capacitors, tantalum capacitors, polypropylene organic film capacitors, ceramic capacitors, mica capacitors and inductors, silicon silicon chip inductors, iron powder core inductors, iron silicon aluminum inductors, manganese zinc ferrite inductors, Nickel-zinc ferrite inductors are suitable for low to high frequencies and can be used in different applications. The power inductor is different from the material of the high frequency inductor and should be distinguished.
2, the feature quantity: capacitance: the ability to store the electric field inductance: the ability to characterize the storage of magnetic field, this is generally understood
3. Storage limit: Capacitance withstand voltage: Characterizes the maximum value of stored electric field voltage. Inductive current resistance: Characterizes the maximum value of stored field current. Inductive current resistance is often overlooked. This is generally affected by two indicators, one is the inductance of copper wire. Internal resistance heat, belonging to line loss, especially when there is DC component, pay special attention to this parameter, the other is the maximum magnetic saturation caused by current, so to choose the situation, first calculate the heat within the tolerance range, secondly The magnetic field cannot be saturated, and if saturated, the inductance will fail. Capacitors are often concerned about withstand voltage, which is equivalent to the magnetic saturation of the inductor. In fact, its line loss heat is generally considered in high-power switching power supplies. Electrolytic capacitors are constantly charged in high-power switching power supplies. Discharge, capacitor heating, electrolyte dry and failure, this generally does not do switching power supply, generally not contact, I do high-frequency welding machine, the output part of the capacitor is mica capacitor, working at 1MHz, current has 600A, often hot The capacitor is blown up, so the loss of the capacitor is relatively deep. Of course, the loss of the capacitor is also the dielectric loss. For example, in a high-frequency machine, the relative mica of the CBB material has a high loss, which is easy to break, and the dielectric loss. Instead, it became the main factor.
4, loss: capacitance line loss and dielectric loss: this look at the work, the proportional relationship at different frequencies, different inductance line loss and hysteresis loss: this look at the work, the proportional relationship is different at different frequencies
5. Parasitic: Capacitance: According to different material processes, such as aluminum electrolytic capacitors, it is wound, the inductance is large, and the frequency is not high. Inductance: According to the material process, for example, the capacitor is known between the winding and the winding at high frequency. Effect, the parasitic capacitance is large, and the frequency does not go up.
6. Radiation interference: Capacitance: The electric field is confined between the two poles of the metal sheet, and the radiation capability is poor. In some cases, the capacitor pump is used instead of the inductor to make the boost or step-down power supply. Inductance: power inductor, magnetic field coupling is strong, and the magnetic seal is not strict. When it is easy to interfere with the outside, and the excitation source of the magnetic field is a current, it is easy to cause ground disturbance.
7, transformer: a large difference between the capacitor and the inductor, there is no common transformer, this is not a capacitor can not be done, but the capacitor is relative to the inductor, made of a transformer, low power, large size, not practical . The transformer is actually not complicated, but it is generally not equivalent. Any transformer can be equivalent to an ideal transformer, the primary parallel primary inductor, and the secondary series secondary inductor. Then you can analyze the basic logic of the inductor.
8, standardization: the most difficult place for the inductor, said above is to obtain the maximum current, this is the magnetic saturation value, as for how to obtain, you can refer to the previous article "Getting Started with Magnetic Materials", through the inductance meter and a software tool It can be achieved. Inductors, especially large power, or transformers, generally do not have standard products. This is not as good as capacitors. It is often customized according to actual conditions, so it is difficult for everyone to feel. The so-called customization is nothing but power, loss heating and magnetic saturation. balance.
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