A radio frequency tag is a coded tag that contains a unique identification system for the item. This unique identification system includes the product electronic code EPC, the ubiquitous identification number UCODE, the vehicle identification code VIN, the international security identification number ISIN, and IPv6, and the like. Among them, the product electronic code (EPC) is a branch of the global product code that identifies targets outside the field of view. The electronic product code is not just a radio wave barcode, it contains a series of data and information, such as origin, date code and other key supply information, which is stored in a small silicon chip, using tags, readers Networking with computers allows producers and retailers to keep track of accurate product and inventory information.
RF tags can store data ranging from 512 bytes to 4 megabytes depending on the type of merchant. The data stored in the tag is determined by the application of the system and the corresponding standards. For example, labels can provide product production, transportation, storage, and identify the identity of machines, animals, and individuals. These are similar to the information stored in the barcode. The tag can also be connected to a database to store product inventory number, current location, status, price, lot number information. Correspondingly, the RF tag can directly determine the meaning of the code without reading the database when reading the data.
At present, the price of RF tags varies from 30 cents to 50 dollars depending on the type of label and the application price. In general, smart labels used in high-end products are more than 50 cents, and active labels are more expensive and complicated. The price of sensitive components is above $100. The purpose of the RF tag is to use a uniform standard of electronic product code to enable the product to be identified in different areas.
RF readerIn an RFID system, a signal receiving device is generally called a reader (or a card reader). The basic function of the reader is to provide an interface for data transfer with the tag.
RF cardMany companies that currently produce RFID products use their own standards, but there is no uniform standard in the world. Several standards for RF cards are now available in ISO 10536, ISO 14443, ISO 15693 and ISO 18OOO. The most widely used are ISO14443 and ISO15693, both of which consist of physical characteristics, RF power and signal interface, initialization and anti-collision, and transmission protocol.
According to different ways, RF cards have the following classifications:
1. According to the power supply mode, it is divided into active card and passive card. Active means that there is a battery in the card to provide power, which has a long working distance, but has a limited life, large volume, high cost, and is not suitable for working in a harsh environment; there is no battery in the passive card, it uses beam power supply technology The received RF energy is converted into a DC power supply to supply power to the card circuit, and its working distance is shorter than that of the active card, but the service life is long and the working environment is not high.
2. According to the carrier frequency, it is divided into low frequency radio frequency card, intermediate frequency radio frequency card and high frequency radio frequency card. The low-frequency RF card mainly has two kinds of 125 kHz and 134.2 kHz. The frequency of the intermediate frequency RF card is mainly 13.56 MHz, and the high frequency RF card is mainly 433 MHz, 915 MHz, 2.45 GHz, 5.8 GHz, and the like. Low-frequency systems are mainly used in short-range, low-cost applications such as most access control, campus cards, animal regulation, and cargo tracking. The IF system is used for access control and application systems that need to transmit large amounts of data; the high frequency system is used in applications where long read/write distance and high read/write speed are required, and the antenna beam direction is narrow and the price is high. Application in systems such as highway tolls.
3. According to the modulation side, it will be reduced? Governance? Hey?胶æ…欢? Health V? What are the fears of paying 淦悼ㄓ米陨淼纳淦?胤(7) fade? Wan? What are the females? Pay 淦悼ㄊ褂 粕 粕 粕 (5) 浞 浞 ( (5) 涫? loyal? ? Hey? What is the male yak? Is it really confusing? ? Lt; A class = bluekey href = "" target = "_blank" 》 in traffic applications, because the reader can ensure that only a certain range of RF cards are activated. In the case of obstacles, with the modulation scattering method, the energy of the reader must come and go through the obstacle twice. The signal transmitted by the active RF card only passes through the obstacle once, so the active RF card is mainly used in the application of obstacles, the distance is longer (up to 30 meters).
4. According to the working distance, it can be divided into close-coupled card (acting distance less than 1 cm), near-coupling card (acting distance less than 15 cm), loose coupling card (acting distance about 1 m) and long-distance card (acting distance from 1 m) To 10 meters, or even further).
5. According to the chip, it is divided into read-only card, read-write card and CPU card.
Radio frequency antennaIn the RF device, when the operating frequency is increased to the microwave region, the matching problem between the antenna and the tag chip becomes more severe. The goal of the antenna is to transmit the most energy into and out of the tag chip. This requires careful design of the antenna and free space and the matching of its associated tag chips. The bands considered in this paper are 435MHz, 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz, and are used in retail products.
The antenna must:
Sufficiently small enough to be attached to the desired item; directional with omnidirectional or hemispherical coverage; chip that provides the greatest possible signal to the tag; regardless of the direction of the item, the polarization of the antenna can be interrogated with the reader Signals match; robust; very cheap. The main considerations when selecting an antenna are: Type of antenna; Impedance of the antenna: Performance of the RF applied to the item; RF performance when there are other items surrounding the labelled item. Possible choiceThere are two ways to use it: a) the tagged item is placed in the warehouse, there is a portable device, it may be hand-held, ask all the items, and need them to give information feedback; b) install the card at the door of the warehouse Set up, ask and record the entry and exit. Another major choice is active tags or passive tags [1], [2].
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