With the rapid development of China's economy and the improvement of people's living standards, the quality of water and electricity installation in residential buildings has attracted more and more attention. From the point of view of a large number of houses that have been delivered to residence, there are phenomena such as leakage, seepage, blockage, switch failure, and leakage, which seriously affect the quality of the project and bring many troubles and inconvenience to the user. The reason is that the design is unreasonable. If the material quality is unqualified and the construction method is improper, the cause of the quality problem is carefully analyzed and an effective solution is taken.
1. Hydropower installation technology
The installation range of water and electricity is very wide and there are many specialties. The only descriptions are about water supply, drainage pipe installation and line pipe laying, threading wiring, and lighting switch equipment installation. The installation of water and electricity has many points, long lines, many changes in the working layer and working surface, many electric power operations, high altitude, reserved hole edge, deep ditch and multi-layer cross-operation. The construction personnel should do a good job in anti-virus and fire prevention. Safety measures such as protection against electric shock, explosion-proof, and fall protection.
General process
Power engineering construction procedures: construction preparation → according to the location of the drawings with civil construction pre-embedded pipes → piping to various equipment and power boxes (cabinet) → power distribution box (cabinet) installation → cable laying → pipe threading → detection of insulation resistance → distribution box (Cabinet) wiring → equipment wiring → equipment commissioning → trial operation → completion acceptance.
Lighting project construction procedure: construction preparation → pre-buried pipe into the household pipe → cooperate with civil construction pre-buried dark pipe → distribution box, indoor box, junction box pre-embedded housing → switch box, socket box installation → main distribution cabinet and meter box Installation → pre-branch cable laying → pipe threading → test insulation resistance → electrical appliance installation → distribution box installation wiring → commissioning → completion acceptance.
Construction procedure of power distribution and distribution project: construction preparation → cooperate with civil engineering pre-embedded cable protection tube → technical review after civil construction trench, wall surface is basically completed → transformer is in place → high and low voltage cabinet installation → busbar installation (plug-in busbar) → indoor Grounding busbar installation→Cable laying→Cable heading safety→Electrical commissioning→Completion acceptance.
Lightning protection grounding construction procedure: construction preparation → determining the position of the down conductor axis → according to the civil construction progress, the two main ribs in the column are connected as the down conductor → the welding equalizing ring → the grounding line installation in the shaft → the pipeline in the shaft and Grounding wire connection→Electrical connection of floor lightning protection down line and exterior wall door and window and railing according to the drawings. → Main bar in the column leads to roof and roof lightning protection zone welding→ Roofing lightning protection zone construction→ Metal body of protruding roof and lightning protection belt connection→ Grounding resistance test (if the resistance value does not meet the requirements, increase the grounding pole) → Completion acceptance.
Weak electrical engineering (cable TV, telephone, intercom, integrated wiring, anti-theft intercom) construction procedures: construction preparation → with civil construction pre-embedded pipe to box, box → box, box embedded installation → trunking installation → part of the tube laying → tube Threading → socket installation → cable rack installation wiring → commissioning → trial operation → completion acceptance.
Fire and fire alarm engineering construction procedures: construction preparation → pre-buried pipe to detector box according to drawings → pre-embedded pipe to alarm box and fire button box → pre-embedded pipe to fire alarm signal double-view disk and fire telephone socket box → pipe threading → Detect insulation resistance → equipment and detectors, module installation → various equipment in place → equipment wiring → single unit commissioning → linkage commissioning → completion acceptance.
Second, water and electricity installation precautions
When the design of the room decoration is determined, the installation of water and electricity is the first step in the entire decoration construction. Since water pipes, wires, sockets and other facilities are buried or fixed in the ground or in the wall, once the decoration is completed, it is very difficult to change, otherwise it will cause great losses. Therefore, the following aspects should be noted in the construction:
1. Clear design requirements
Before the construction, it is necessary to clarify the requirements of the decoration design drawing. If it is found that there is something wrong with the installation of water and electricity, it should be promptly proposed and revised immediately. It is best to draw a sketch of the hydropower layout, indicating the direction, location and laying requirements of the wires, the specifications and installation location of the lamps, and the electrical appliances (including water heaters, rice cookers, microwave ovens, televisions, air conditioners, washing machines, and stripping). The location of the hood, etc., the direction and position of the water pipe, the location of the hot and cold water faucet, and the location of the floor drain, toilet, pool, bathtub, bath room, etc.
2. Read the purchase list
Write a list of materials purchase, including the specifications and quantity of various electrical switches, specifications and quantity of cable outlets, telephone sockets, wires, water pipes, specifications and quantity of hot and cold water taps and bathtub taps, try to estimate the accuracy, buy once. If the living area of ​​the living room is 60 square meters, then the amount of wire is about: 2.5 mm 2150 m, 1.5 mm 2150 m. The amount of material used is directly related to the level of operation of the plumber and the complexity of the line. Switches, sockets and faucets are best bought in the same series, so that they are neat and tidy after installation.
3. Strict construction process
During construction, first make a hole in the wall and bury the wire in the wall to the specified depth. The electric wire is first connected to the distribution box, and the electric shock protector and air switch are arranged in the distribution box. According to the requirements of the construction drawing, it will be buried in the main bedroom, bedroom, kitchen, bathroom, living room, balcony, etc. in several ways. Due to the amount of electric power used, the wires are divided into two types, the thickness of the thick wire is 2.5 mm 2 and the diameter of the thin wire is 1.5 mm 2 . When designing the wires, it is better to coat the PVC pipes on the one hand for safety and on the other hand for future maintenance.
4. Considering beautiful design
The socket of the household appliance should not be too much, otherwise it will affect the overall appearance. Beside the TV, there are generally VCDs, tape recorders, speakers, record players, video recorders, etc., as well as new home appliances that are constantly appearing. The arrangement of electric sockets is not enough. The installation is more difficult to hinder the overall decoration effect. A socket is installed next to the cable TV socket, and a multi-socket junction box is provided, which is both beautiful and labor-saving.
Third, common quality problems and measures
1. Common quality problems
(1) Electrical installation
The first is to install the transmission line: the steel pipe used for installing the transmission line generally has a thin wall thickness, the PVC2U electric tube is not firmly bonded, the deflection of the box (box) is not vertical, and the wire on the ceiling is not protected by the tube. And the metal trunking and bracket grounding is not reliable, and some of the first-decorated residential project piping is only installed to the household box. It has a serious impact on the safe use of electrical circuits. Followed by the installation of switches, sockets, distribution boxes and electrical appliances; the panel of the distribution box is not close to the wall, the wiring is not neat, the transmission wires are not tied and fixed, and the multiple transmission lines are not tinned or crimped, and some even It is cut off, the color of the transmission line in the distribution box is not separated, and the neutral line in the box and the ground wire are spliced.
(2) Installation of water supply pipe and drain pipe
The first is the installation of water pipes. The water pipes provided by the engineering toe caps have quality problems. They are even used in construction projects with ordinary drainage pipes. The outer wall of cast iron pipes is rough, the pipe diameter is insufficient, and the bearing interface is not standardized. The first decorated house, kitchen and bathroom water supply pipes are not in place, which brings a lot of trouble to the users in the future decoration. Secondly, regarding the installation of the stool device, the size of the installation of the stool appliance and its accessories does not meet the requirements. Finally, the installation of the floor drain, due to the poor quality of the cast iron drain inspection port, the location is not correct.
2. Take measures
The distribution pipe shall be connected by wire connection. The radius of the round steel bar of the grounding wire shall not be less than 2.5mm, and the welding length shall be more than 6 times larger than the radius of the round steel. The welding place shall be welded firmly. It is flat, full, and there must be no such phenomenon as virtual welding, slag inclusion, welding of the tumor and welding of steel pipes.
Strictly control the height and position of the switch socket installation and the fixed distance of the fixing member from the wall. The contradiction between the slope of the pipeline specified on the drawing and the maximum settlement of the building should be carefully checked. If there is any problem, the design unit should be requested to solve it; the slope of the installed pipeline should be uniform, and the slope of the pipeline should not appear. The slope of the pipeline at the exit of the house should be Appropriate increase. All pipe fittings, sanitary fittings and fittings shall have a factory warranty, and shall be processed according to the design requirements and quality standards. The quality of the procurement shall be qualified. Before use, the cast iron pipe shall be inspected by observation, irrigation or external wall flushing method. No cracks or blisters.
5 Conclusion
The hydropower installation project should start from the design, mainly strengthen the pre-control, pay attention to the pre-existing control, and aim at the common problems that are common or prone to problems. Relevant personnel should require the construction unit to propose specific treatment plans, and coordinate with other related majors to handle the majors. The on-site coordination problem can achieve the effect of coordinated and scientific development in the cross-construction of civil works and hydropower.
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